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(唐山一中:宋兆新)
在高三课本第十二单元中多处用到名词性从句,例如:
1.How people are distributed can also affect the education system.(主语从句)
2.The USA has found that it is not easy to make sure that every student receives the same quality of teaching.(宾语从句)
3.But do you know that although you are studying the same subjects,you might be learning them in different ways?(宾语从句)
名词性从句除了包括主语从句和宾语从句,还包括表语从句和同位语从句。因这四种从句在句中均具有名词性特征,因此,统称为名词性从句。名词性从句是历年高考的热点,因此,在复习名词性从句时要特别注意几组易混连接词的区别:
1.what与that在名词性从句中,what和that都可作引导词,其区别在于:what在从句中要充当某个成分(主语、宾语或表语),因此,在任何情况下都不能省略,表示“什么;所……的事(物、话),”相当于the thing that。that本身没有词汇意义,在从句中不充当任何成分,在口语和非正式文件中,宾语从句的that可以省略。
例如:
What you have done might do harm to others.
你所做的事或许对别人有害处。
I think(that) you will like the stamps.
我认为你会喜欢这些邮票的。
[考例1]
_______we can't get seems better than_______we have.(1996全国)
A.What;what B.What;that
C.That;that D.That;what
[解析]答案为A。what引导主语从句,并在从句中充当宾语。
[考例2]
_____made the school proud was_______more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.(2003上海春招)
A.What;because B.What;that
C.That;what D.That;because
[解析]B。what引导主语从句,在主语从句中作主语;that引导表语从句,在表语从句中起连接作用。
2.whether与if
whether和if都可以引导名词性从句,表示“是否”,一般情况下可以通用,但在下列情况下,用whether不用if。
例如:
①介词后的宾语从句用whether,不用if。
例如:
Everything depends on whether the situation will improve.
一切取决于形势是否好转。
②在whether or not结构中,不可用if代替whether。
例如:
I don't know whether or not he'll come.
我不知道他是来还是不来。
③引导主语从句和表语从句用whether不用if。
例如:
Whether we'll go depends on the weather.
我们去还是不去要看天气而定。
The question is whether it is worth doing.
问题是这是否值得做。
④当由if引导宾语从句会产生歧义时,宜用whether。例如:
Please tell me if you need the book.
此句可有两种解释:
a.请告诉我你是否需要这本书。
b.如果你需要这本书,请告诉我。
若想表示前一种意思时,应用whether为好。
⑤whether可用在不定式之前,if则不能。
例如:
Please tell us whether to go or stay.
[考例1]
_______we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.(1996全国)
A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where
[解析]答案为B。根据depends on the weather这一信息可知,“我们明天去野营的事还未定”,故选用whether。If不可引导主语从句。C、D两项不合题意。
[考例2]
What the doctors really doubt is_______my mother will recover from the serious diseaseso on.(2001上海春招)
A.when
B.how
C.whether
D.why
[解析]答案为C。这是一个表语从句。根据doubt一词可知,所怀疑的应是是否能治好病,所以要填whether。本句意为:“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能从重病中很快康复。”
3.because与why
because与why均可引导表语从句,但含义不同。because引导的表语从句说明前面的一个现象所产生的理由。而why引导的表语从句是在前面已说明了理由的情况下,对一个现象加以小结。
例如:
He was ill.That is why he was late for school.
(前面已说明了理由,why从句对一个现象加以小结)
[考例]
____she couldn't understand was_______fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
(2000上海)
A.What;why
B.That;what
C.What;because
D.Why;that
[解析]答案为A。主语从句she couldn't understand缺少宾语,要用What引导。表语从句fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons是一个完整的句子,要用why引导,意思是“为什么越来越少的学生对她的课感兴趣。” |